To distinguish himself from the president of the Confederacy, Jefferson Columbus Davis used his middle initial in his formal signatures and signed himself as "Jef." rather than "Jeff" in informal messages.
Jefferson C. Davis was born in Indiana in 1828. His family roots were there and in Kentucky before that.
Jefferson C. Davis began his military career as a private during the Mexican War and distinguished himself at the Battle of Buena Vista. In fact, his record in that war was so good that he rose from private to corporal and then to sergeant, and the officers over him jointly petitioned President Polk to appoint him to West Point. Polk agreed to so so. Somehow the appointment to the academy went awry, but to make up for it, Davis was elevated in rank to second lieutenant.
In April 1861 Davis was stationed at Fort Sumter guarding the harbor at Charleston, SC. After the bombardment and surrender of the fort to South Carolina troops, Davis received a volunteer commission to Colonel and served briefly in organizing Indiana troops. He then went as a colonel to serve under Fremont in Missouri, playing a crucial role in Missouri and Arkansas engagements, after which he joined the Army of Tennessee under Halleck and Rosecrans at Corinth and went with Buell into Kentucky to stop Bragg's invasion. He was placed in command of Curtis's 3rd Division and distinguished himself in the battle at Pea Ridge. Davis was promoted to Brigadier General for his actions in that battle and was transferred to the Army of the Cumberland. There, he became one of the Union Army's most controversial generals.
In September, 1862, Davis was assigned by General William Nelson the work of arming the citizens of Louisville, Kentucky. But an argument developed and Nelson ordered Davis to report to General H. C. Wright at Cincinnati, Ohio. Davis objected that Nelson did not have authority over him, whereupon Nelson told him the provost marshal would put him across the Ohio River if he didn't go voluntarily. Davis went, but later, when General Buell arrived in Louisville, General Wright ordered Davis to report to Buell.
On September 29 Davis, in company of Governor Oliver P. Morton of Indiana, approached General Nelson in the lobby of the Galt House, in Louisville, and demanded satisfaction for an insult. Nelson refused and derided him. Davis threw a crumpled visiting card in Nelson's face. Nelson cursed and swore at Davis and Governor Morton. Finally, Nelson slapped Davis twice. Davis left the hotel, took a pistol from another officer, returned and shot Nelson in the heart. Nelson died within the hour.
Buell didn't have time for a courtmartial of Davis and asked General Halleck to have a military commission try him. No charges were preferred, but later a grand jury indicted Davis for manslaughter, and he was released on bail. Davis was never brought to trial and some of his contemporaries believed that Davis was saved from prosecution due to the political influence of Governor Morton.
Davis commanded a division at Stone's River and Chickamauga, and later, the XIV Corps under Sherman. By the end of the war, he had risen to the rank of Major General and was one of General Sherman's most capable and trusted commanders.
During Sherman's March, another controversy tarnished Davis's rather impeccable and aggressive military achievements. Crossing a river on pontoons hastily erected, he had the pontoons moved on to the next crossing as soon as his army was across. But he left behind, unable to cross, some thousand or more slaves who had attached themselves to his march. Because Davis was a Democrat, fighting for the Union to preserve it rather than for freeing of slaves, Republican abolitionists again called for his hide. But Sherman stuck with him, and he survived the attacks. He was promoted to Brevet Major General, but the "brevet" status meant that his true rank was Colonel, the rank he held at the beginning of the Civil War.
But Davis was well respected by Sherman, George Thomas, O. O. Howard, and other western generals, and by President Andrew Johnson. He served as military commander in the far west and fought against the Modoc Indians. Davis was later of special importance as military commander of Alaska when that territory was ceded to the United States by Russia.
Jefferson C. Davis died in Chicago in 1879.

